북한과ODA

강명옥(사단법인한국국제개발연구소대표)

북한은세계최빈곤국가이면서도핵,인권등의정치적인문제로국제사회로부터ODA(공적개발원조)를제대로받고있지못하다.그럼에도북한은단순한지원이아닌국가사회개발을할수있는개발원조를원하고있다.한국의경우에도쌀,비료등의대북지원에많은비용을들이고있지만공식적인ODA통계에포함되지않고있다.

더욱이한국은UN사무총장을배출한국가로서국가의경제적위상(세계13위)에걸맞지않는적은ODA규모로인해국제사회의눈총을받고있는형편이다.북한이극심한식량위기등의국가위기에서벗어나려면국제사회의협력이필수이며핵폐기협조등으로지원분위기가형성되어가는이때개발을목표로하는ODA지원방식의정책은중요한관건으로작용할수있다.

특히한국의대북정책에있어단순한물자지원보다는다양한분야의다양한전문가들이참여하는ODA방식의지원은국제사회에대한책임은물론향후통일에대한대비책으로서도중요한역할을할것으로본다.

북한은ODA지원을통해서빈곤퇴치,보건의료,교육,환경,경제개발등을위한인프라형성지원을필요로한다.한국은한국국제협력단(KOICA)이만들어진이후개발도상국에한국의경제발전경험을전수해오고있고보건의료,교육훈련,농촌개발,행정제도등의여러분야에서전문가파견,연수생초청,프로젝트사업등을통해수원국들의경제,사회개발및관련분야인력육성에많은기여를해오고있다.

한국의대북지원정책이그간의ODA경험을적용한ODA방식지원으로정책전환할경우빈곤과질병문제등BHN(BasicHumanNeeds)를해결할수있음은물론경제발전을위한인프라구축이가능하다.한국은북한에대한ODA지원방식을통해한반도에서평화정착의기반을마련할수있을뿐아니라이는국제사회안정에도기여하게될것이다.따라서한국의대북지원정책의ODA방식지원으로의전환이절실히요구된다.

〔주제어:북한,ODA,공적개발원조,개발협력,경제개발,대북지원정책,한국국제협력단,한반도,평화,국제사회,인권,핵,인도적지원〕

NorthKoreaandODA

KangMyoung-ok

NorthKoreaissurelyoneofthepoorestcountriesintheworldaswellasoneofthepoorestbeneficiariesofofficialdevelopmentassistance(ODA).Reasonsforthisphenomenonseemtobepoliticalonesincludingnuclearproblemsandhumanrightsissues.Inspiteofit,NorthKoreawantsdevelopmentassistancefortheoveralldevelopmentofthecountryratherthansimplematerialassistance.

InthecaseoftheRepublicofKorea,theKoreangovernmentdisbursesalargeamountofmoneyfortheassistanceforNorthKoreasuchastheprovisionofriceandfertilizers,butthesearenotincludedintheODAstatistics.SouthKorea,whichisthehomecountryoftheSecretaryGeneraloftheUnitedNations,ispresentlysufferingfromthepoorevaluationforitsODAperformanceintheworldcommunity.

Inordertoescapefromthenationalcrisisincludingfoodcrisis,NorthKoreadesperatelyneedscooperationfromtheinternationalcommunity.Atthisjunctureofcooperativemoodintheinternationalsocietysuchasdestructionofnuclearfacilities,ODAcouldbeoneofthekeyfactorsforthesolutionofNorthKoreandevelopment.

FromtheSouthKoreanpointofview,ODA-typedcooperationwhichincludesavarietyofexpertiseofavarietyofsectorscouldfulfilltheinternationalresponsibilityaswellasapreparationoftheunificationofthepeninsula.

OnthepartofNorthKorea,itneedsassistancefortheformationofinfrastructureincludingthefieldsofpovertyreduction,health,environment,andeconomicdevelopment.

SouthKoreahasaccumulatedalargeamountofexperienceinODA.Therefore,ifSouthKoreanexperienceinODAisfullyutilizedforthedevelopmentofNorthKorea,itwillgreatlycontributetothedevelopmentofNorthKoreaandthepromotionofpeaceandstabilityofKoreanpeninsulaaswell.

Keywords:NorthKorea,ODA,developmentcooperation,humanrights,economicdevelopment,KOICA,peace,humanitarianaid