TheAdvancedTacticalFighter(ATF)contractwasademonstrationandvalidationprogram
undertakenbytheUnitedStatesAirForcetodevelopanext-generationairsuperiorityfighterto
counteremergingworldwidethreats,includingdevelopmentandproliferation
ofSoviet-eraSu-27‘Flanker’-classfighteraircraft.
In1981,USAFdevelopedarequirementforanewairsuperiorityfighterintendedtoreplacethecapabilityoftheF-15Eagle.
ItwasenvisagedthattheATFwouldincorporateemergingtechnologiesincludingadvancedalloysandcompositematerial,
advancedfly-by-wireflightcontrolsystems,higherpowerpropulsionsystems,andlow-observablestealthtechnology.
Arequestforproposal(RFP)wasissuedinJuly1986,andtwocontractorteams,Lockheed/Boeing/General
Dynamics&McDonnellDouglaswereselectedinOctober1986toundertakea50monthdemonstration/validationphase,
culminatingintheflighttestoftwoprototypes,theYF-22andtheYF-23.
Followingahard-foughtfly-offcompetition,inAugust1991theYF-22wasdeclaredthewinnerandLockheed
wasawardedthecontracttodevelopandbuildtheAdvancedTacticalFighter.
ThefirstproductionF-22wasdeliveredtoNellisAirForceBase,Nevada,on14January2003.
"DedicatedInitialOperationalTestandEval!!uation"occurredon27October2004.
Asof2004,51Raptorswereinservice,with22moreorderedunderfiscalyear2004funding.
ThefirstcrashofaproductionF-22occurredatNellisAirForceBaseon20December2004,duringtakeoff.
Thepilotejectedsafelymomentsbeforeimpact.
Thecrashinvestigationrevealedthatabriefinterruptioninpowerduringanengineshutdown
priortoflightcausedamalfunctionintheflight-controlsystem.
Thetechnicaldatafortheaircrafthavebeenamendedtoavoidthisprobleminthefuture.
InAugust2007,theUnitedStatesAirForcesigneda$5billion,
multi-yearcontractwithLockheedthatwillextendproductionto2011.
Asof2007,F-22Raptorsarebeingprocuredat20airplanesperyear.InSepember2007,
LockheedMartinreachedits"100thF-22Raptor"milestone.
TheUnitedStatesAirForceoriginallyplannedtoorder750ATFs,withproductionbeginningin1994.
The1990MajorAircraftReviewalteredtheplanto648aircraftbeginningin1996.
Thegoalchangedagainin1994,whenitbecame442planesenteringservicein2003or2004.
A1997DepartmentofDefensereportputthepurchaseat339.
In2003,theAirForcesaidthattheexistingcongressionalcostcaplimitedthepurchaseto277.
By2006,thePentagonsaiditwillbuy183aircraft,whichwouldsave$15billionbutraisethecostofeachairplane.
ThisplanhasbeendefactoapprovedbyCongressintheformofamulti-yearprocurementplan,
whichstillholdsopenthepossibilityforneworderspastthatpoint.
Thetotalcostoftheprogramby2006was$62billion.
InApril2006,thecostoftheF-22AwasassessedbytheGovernmentAccountabilityOfficetobe
$361millionperaircraft.ThiscostreflectstheF-22Atotalprogramcost,
dividedbythenumberofjetstheAirForceisprogramedtobuy.
Sofar,theAirForcehasinvestedasmuchas$28billionintheRaptor’sresearch,developmentandtesting.
Thatmoney,referredtoasa"sunkcost",is
alreadyspentandisseparatefrommoneyusedforfuturedecision-making,includingprocuringacopyofthejet.
Bythetimeall183jetshavebeenpurchased,$34billionwillbespentonactuallyprocuringtheaircraft.
Thiswillresultinacostofabout$339millionperaircraftbasedontotalprogramcosts.
TheincrementalcostforoneadditionalF-22isaround$120million.IftheAirForcewereto
buy100moreF-22stoday,eachplanewouldbelessthan$117millionandwouldcontinueto
dropwithadditionalaircraftpurchases.
TheF-22isnotthemostexpensiveplanealoft;thatdistinctionlikelybelongstotheroughly
$2.2billion-per-unitB-2Spirit;thoughtheincrementalcostwasunderUS$1billion.Infairness,
ordersfortheB-2wentfromhundredstoafewdozen
whentheColdWarendedthusmakingtheunitcostskyrocket.
TheF-22usesfewerradarabsorbentmaterialsthantheB-2orF-117Nighthawk,
whichisexpectedtotranslateintolowermaintenancecosts.OnJuly31,2007,Lockheed
Martinreceivedamultiyearcontractfor60F-22sworthatotalofUS$7.3billion.
ThecontractbringsthenumberofF-22sonorderto183andextendsproductionthrough2011.
F-22Raptor제작사:록히드마틴2005년12월15일:미공군실전배치생산대수:73대현미공군기준가격대당현환률:211,420,000,000원이상현실전배치베이스
