"PresidentObamaSpeaksatHankukUniversity"
Goodmorning.ToPresidentPark,faculty,staffandstudents,thankyouforthisverywarmwelcome.
ItisagreathonortobehereatHankukUniversityofForeignStudies.
IthankDr.Parkfor,afewmomentsago,makingmeanhonoraryalum.
Thisschoolhasoneoftheworld’sfinestforeignlanguageprograms.
YourEnglishisalotbetterthanmyKorean.Soletmejustsay,kamsahamnida.
ThisismythirdvisittotheRepublicofKoreaasPresident.
IhavenowbeentoSeoulmoretimesthantoanyothercapital.
Thisreflectstheextraordinarybondsbetweenourtwocountriesandourcommitmenttoeachother.
I’mpleasedthatwe’rejoinedbysomanyleaders,KoreansandAmericans,
whohelpkeepusfreeandstrongandprosperouseveryday.
ThatincludesourfirstKorean-AmericanambassadortotheRepublicofKorea-AmbassadorSungKim.
I’veseenthedeepconnectionsbetweenourpeoplesinmyownlife,amongfriendsandcolleagues.
I’veseenitsomanypatrioticKoreanAmericans,includingamanborninthiscityofSeoul,
whocametoAmericaandhasdedicatedhislifetoliftingupthepoorandsickoftheworld.
AndlastweekIwasproudtonominatehimtoleadtheWorldBank-Dr.JimYongKim.
I’veseenourbondsinourmenandwomeninuniform,
liketheAmericanandKoreantroopsIvisitedyesterdayalongtheDMZ-Freedom’sFrontier.
Wesalutetheirservice.Wehonorallthosewhohavegiventheirlivesinourdefense,
includingthe46bravesoulswhoperishedaboardtheCheonantwoyearsagotoday.
Andintheirmemorywereaffirmtheenduringpromiseatthecoreofouralliance-westandtogether,
andthecommitmentoftheUnitedStatestothedefenseandsecurity
oftheRepublicofKoreawillneverwaver.
AndIseethestrengthofourallianceinallofyou.
Fordecades,thisschoolhasproducedleaders-publicservants,diplomats,
businesspeople-who’vehelpedpropelthemodernmiraclethatisKorea.
Transformingitfromcrushingpovertytooneoftheworld’smostdynamiceconomies;
fromauthoritarianismtoathrivingdemocracy;fromacountryfocusedinwardto
aleaderforsecurityandprosperity,inthisregionandaroundtheworld-atruly"GlobalKorea."
Toallthestudentsheretoday,thisistheKoreayourgenerationwillinherit.
AndIbelievethereisnolimittowhatourtwonationsachievetogether.
Forlikeyourparentsandgrandparentsbeforeyou,youknowthatthefutureiswhatwemakeit.
Andyouknowthatinourdigitalage,wecanconnectandinnovateacross
borderslikeneverbefore-withyoursmartphonesandTwitterandMe2DayandKakaoTalk.
It’snowondersomanypeoplearoundtheworldhavecaughttheKoreanWave,Hallyu.
Orconsiderthis.Inadvanceofmyvisit,ourembassyinvitedKoreansto
sendusyourquestionsusingsocialmedia.TheycalleditHer"AskPresidentObama."
Oneofthemasked-andthisistrue:"Haveyou,yourself,everpostedasupportiveopinion
onawebsiteunderadisguisedname,pretendingyouareoneofthesupportersofPresidentObama?"
Thetruthis,Ihavenot.Butwhoknows,maybemydaughtershave.
Oursharedfuture-andtheunprecedentedopportunitytomeet
sharedchallengestogether-iswhatbringsmetoSeoul.
Overthenexttwodays,underPresidentLee’sleadership,
we’llmoveaheadwiththeurgentworkofpreventingnuclearterrorismbysecuring
theworld’snuclearmaterials.
Thisisanimportantpartofthebroader,comprehensiveagenda
thatIwanttotalkwithyouabouttoday-ourvisionofaworldwithoutnuclearweapons.
Threeyearsago,ItravelledtoPragueandIdeclaredAmerica’scommitmenttostopping
thespreadofnuclearweaponsandtoseekingaworldwithoutthem.
IsaidthatIknewthisgoalwouldnotbereachedquickly,perhapsnotinmylifetime.
ButIknewwehadtobegin,withconcretesteps.Andinyourgeneration,Iseethespirit
weneedinthisendeavor-thatoptimismthatbeatsin
theheartsofsomanyyoungpeoplearoundtheworld.
It’sthatrefusaltoaccepttheworldasitis,theimaginationtoseetheworldasitoughttobe,
andthecouragetoturnvisionintoreality.Sotoday,withyou,
Iwanttotakestockofourjourneyandchartournextsteps.
HereinSeoul,morethan50nationswillmarkourprogresstoward
thegoalwesetatthesummitIhostedtwoyearsagoinWashington-securing
theworld’svulnerablenuclearmaterialsinfouryearssotheyneverfallintothehandsofterrorists.
Sincethen,nations-includingtheUnitedStates-haveboostedsecurityatnuclearfacilities.
SouthKoreaJapan,Pakistanandothersarebuildingnewcenterstoimprovenuclearsecurityandtraining.
NationslikeKazakhstanhavemovednuclearmaterialstomoresecurelocations.
Mexico,andjustyesterdayUkraine,havejoinedtheranksofnations
thathaveremovedallthehighlyenricheduraniumfromtheirterritory.
Alltold,thousandsofpoundsofnuclearmaterialhavebeenremovedfromsitesaround
theworld-deadlymaterialthatisnowsecureandcanneverbeusedagainstacitylikeSeoul.
We’reusingeverytoolatourdisposaltobreakupblackmarkets.
CountrieslikeGeorgiaandMoldovahaveseizedhighlyenricheduraniumfromsmugglers.
CountrieslikeJordanarebuildingtheirowncounter-smugglingteams,
andwe’retyingthemtogetherinaglobalnetworkofintelligenceandlawenforcement.
Nearly20nationshaveratifiedthetreatiesandinternationalpartnershipsthatareatthecenterofourefforts.
AndI’daddthis-withthedeathofOsamabinladenandthemajorblowswe’vestruckagainstalQaeda,
aterroristorganizationthathasactivelysoughtnuclearweaponsisnowonthepathtodefeat.
Inshort,theinternationalcommunityhasmadeitharder
thaneverforterroriststoacquirenuclearmaterials.
That’smadeallournationssafer.Butwe’reundernoillusions.
Weknowthatnuclearmaterial-enoughformanyweapons-is
stillbeingstoredwithoutadequateprotection.
Weknowthatterroristsandcriminalgangsarestilltryingtogettheirhandsonit,
aswellastheradioactivematerialforadirtybomb.
Andweknowthatjustthesmallestamountofplutonium-aboutthesizeof
anapple-couldkillhundredsofthousandsandsparkaglobalcrisis.
Thedangerofnuclearterrorismremainsoneofthegreatestthreatstoglobalsecurity.
So,hereinSeoul,weneedtokeepatit.Ibelievewewill.
We’reexpectingdozensofnationstoannounce
thatthey’vefulfilledthepromisestheymadetwoyearsago.
Andwe’reexpectingmorecommitments-tangible,
concreteactions-tosecurenuclearmaterialsand,
insomecases,removethemcompletely.
Thisistheseriousandsustainedglobaleffortweneed.
Thisisanexampleofmorenationsbearingtheresponsibilityandthecostsofmeetingglobalchallenges.
Thisishowtheinternationalcommunityshouldworkinthe21stcentury.
TheUnitedStateswillcontinuetodoourpart-securingourownmaterials,andhelpingothersprotecttheirs.
We’removingforwardwithRussiatoeliminateenoughplutoniumfor
about17,000nuclearweaponsandturnitintoelectricity.
IcanannouncetodayanewagreementbytheUnitedStatesandseveralEuropeanpartnerstowardsustaining
thesupplyofmedicalisotopestotreatcancerandheartdiseasewithouttheuseofhighlyenricheduranium.
Andwe’llworkwithindustry,hospitalsandresearchcenters,intheUnitedStatesandaroundtheworld,
torecoverthousandsofunneededradiologicalmaterialssotheyneverdousharm.
Americanleadershiphasbeenessentialtoprogressinasecondarea-taking
concretestepstowardaworldwithoutnuclearweapons.
AsapartytotheNuclearNonproliferationTreaty,thisisourobligation,andit’soneItakeveryseriously.
ButIbelievetheUnitedStateshasauniqueresponsibilitytoact-indeed,amoralobligation.
IsaythisasPresidentoftheonlynationevertousenuclearweapons.
IsayitasaCommanderinChiefwhoknowsthatournuclearcodesareneverfarfrommyside.
AndIsayitasafather,whowantsmytwoyoungdaughterstogrowupinaworld
whereeverythingtheyknowandlovecan’tbewipedoutinahorribleinstant.
Overthepastthreeyears,we’vemadeimportantprogress.
WithRussia,we’renowreducingourarsenalsundertheNewSTARTTreaty
themostcomprehensivearmscontrolagreementinnearlytwodecades.
Andwhenwe’redone,we’llhavecutAmericanandRussiandeployednuclearwarheads
totheirlowestlevelssincethe1950s.
AsPresident,Ichangedournuclearposturetoreduce
thenumberandroleofnuclearweaponsinournationalsecuritystrategy.
ImadeitclearthattheUnitedStateswillnotdevelopnewnuclearwarheads.
Wewillnotpursuenewmilitarymissionsfornuclearweapons.
We’venarrowedtherangeofcontingenciesunder
whichwewouldeveruseorthreatentousenuclearweapons.
Atthesametime,I’vemadeitclearthatsolongasnuclearweaponsexist,
we’llworkwithourCongresstomaintainasafe,secureandeffectivearsenal
thatguaranteesthedefenseoftheUnitedStatesandourallies-includingSouthKoreaandJapan.
MyAdministration’snuclearposturerecognizesthatthemassivenucleararsenal
weinheritedfromtheColdWarispoorlysuitedfortoday’sthreats,includingnuclearterrorism.
Lastsummer,Ithereforedirectedmynationalsecurityteamtoconductacomprehensivestudyofournuclearforces.
Thatstudyisstillunderway.
Butevenaswehavemoreworktodo,wecanalreadysaywithconfidence
thatwehavemorenuclearweaponsthanweneed.EvenafterNewSTART,
theUnitedStateswillstillhavemorethan1,500deployednuclearweapons,andsome5,000warheads.
IfirmlybelievethatwecanensurethesecurityoftheUnitedStatesandourallies,
maintainastrongdeterrentagainstanythreat,andstillpursuefurtherreductionsinournucleararsenal.
Goingforward,we’llcontinuetoseekdiscussionswithRussiaonastepwehavenevertaken
before-reducingnotonlystrategicnuclearwarheads,butalsotacticalweaponsandwarheadsinreserve.
IlookforwardtodiscussingthisagendawithPresidentPutinwhenwemeetinMay.
Missiledefensewillbeontheagenda,butIbelievethisshouldbeanareaofcooperation,nottension.
I’mconfidentthat,workingtogether,wecancontinuetomakeprogressandreduceournuclearstockpiles.
Andwe’llconsultcloselywithourallieseverystepofthewaybecause
thesecurityanddefenseofourallies,inEuropeandAsia,isnon-negotiable.
HereinAsia,wehaveurgedChina-withitsgrowingnucleararsenal-to
joinusinadialogueonnuclearissues,andthatofferremainsopen.
Morebroadly,myAdministrationwillcontinuetopursueratificationoftheComprehensiveTestBanTreaty.
Andafteryearsofdelay,itistimetofindapathforwardonanewtreatythatverifiablyends
theproductionoffissilematerialsfornuclearweapons-andendsitonceandforall.
Byworkingtomeetourresponsibilitiesasanuclearpower,we’vemadeprogressina
thirdarea-strengtheningtheglobalregimethatpreventsthespreadofnuclearweapons.
WhenIcameintooffice,thecornerstoneoftheworld’sefforts-
theNuclearNon-ProliferationTreaty-wasfraying.
Iranhadstartedspinningthousandsofcentrifuges.
NorthKoreaconductedanothernucleartest.
Andtheinternationalcommunitywaslargelydividedonhowtorespond.
Overthepastthreeyears,we’vereversedthatdynamic.
Workingwithothers,we’veenhancedtheglobalpartnershipsthatpreventproliferation.
TheInternationalAtomicEnergyAgencyisnowconductingthestrongestinspectionsever.
Andwe’veupheldthebasicbargainoftheNPT:
countrieswithnuclearweaponswillmovetowarddisarmament,
countrieswithoutnuclearweaponswillnotacquirethem,
andallcountriescanhaveaccesstopeacefulnuclearenergy.
Becauseoftheseefforts,theinternationalcommunityismoreunitedandnations
thatattempttoflouttheirobligationsaremoreisolated.
ThatincludesNorthKorea.HereinKorea,IwanttospeakdirectlytotheleadershipinPyongyang.
TheUnitedStateshasnohostileintenttowardyourcountry.
Wearecommittedtopeace.Andwearepreparedtotakestepstoimproverelations,
whichiswhywehaveofferednutritionalaidtoNorthKoreanmothersandchildren.
Butbynowitshouldbeclear,yourprovocationsandpursuitofnuclearweaponshavenotachieved
thesecurityyouseek,theyhaveunderminedit.Insteadofthedignityyoudesire,youaremoreisolated.
Insteadofearningtherespectoftheworld,youhavebeenmetwithstrongsanctions.
Youcancontinuedowntheroadyouareon,butweknowwherethatleads.
Itleadstomoreofthesame-morebrokendreams,moreisolationandevermoredistancebetween
thepeopleofNorthKoreaandthedignityandopportunitytheydeserve.
Andknowthis-therewillbenomorerewardsforprovocations.
Thosedaysareover.Thisisthechoicebeforeyou.
Thisisthedecisionyoumustmake.Andtodaywesay,Pyongyang,
havethecouragetopursuepeaceandgiveabetterlifetotheNorthKoreanpeople.
SotoowithIran.UndertheNPT,Iranhastherighttopeacefulnuclearenergy.
Infact,timeandagaintheinternationalcommunity-including
theUnitedStates-hasofferedtohelpIrandevelopnuclearenergypeacefully.
ButtimeandagainIranhasrefused,takinginsteadthepathofdenial,deceitanddeception.
ThatiswhyIranstandsalone-astheonlymemberof
theNPTunabletoconvincetheinternationalcommunitythatitsnuclearprogramisforpeacefulpurposes.
Thatiswhytheworldhasimposedunprecedentedsanctions,slowingIran’snuclearprogram.
TheinternationalcommunityisnowpoisedtoentertalkswithIran’sleaders.
Onceagain,thereisthepossibilityofadiplomaticresolutionthatgivesIranaccessto
peacefulnuclearenergywhileaddressingtheconcernsoftheinternationalcommunity.
Today,I’llmeetwiththeleadersofRussiaandChinaaswework
toachievearesolutioninwhichIranfulfillsitsobligations.
Thereistimetosolvethisdiplomatically,buttimeisshort.
Iran’sleadersmustunderstandthatthereisnoescapingthechoicebeforeit.
Iranmustactwiththeseriousnessandsenseofurgencythatthismomentdemands.
Iranmustmeetitsobligations.
ForintheglobalresponsetoIranandNorthKorea’sintransigence,anewinternationalnormisemerging.
Treatiesarebinding.Ruleswillbeenforced.
Andviolationswillhaveconsequences.
Becausewerefusetoconsignourselvestoafuturewheremoreandmoreregimespossess
theworld’smostdeadlyweapons.
Thisbringsmetothefinalareawherewe’vemadeprogress-arenewedcommitmentto
harnessingthepoweroftheatom,notforwar,butforpeacefulpurposes.
AfterthetragedyatFukushima,itwasrightthatnationsmovedtoimprove
thesafetyandsecurityofnuclearfacilities.We’redoingsointheUnitedStates.
Aswedo,let’sneverforgettheastonishingbenefitsthatnucleartechnologyhasbroughttoourlives.
Nucleartechnologyhelpsmakeourfoodsafe.
Itpreventsdiseaseinthedevelopingworld.
It’sthehigh-techmedicinethattreatscancerandfindsnewcures.
And,ofcourse,it’stheenergy-thecleanenergy-thathelpscutthecarbonpollution
thatcontributestoclimatechange.HereinSouthKorea,youknowthis.
Asaleaderinnuclearenergy,you’veshowntheprogressandprosperity
thatcanbeachievedwhennationsembracepeacefulnuclearenergy
andrejectthedevelopmentofnucleararms.
Withrisingoilpricesandawarmingclimate,nuclearenergywillonlybecomemoreimportant.
That’swhy,intheUnitedStates,we’verestartedournuclearindustryaspartof
acomprehensivestrategytodevelopeveryenergysource.
We’vesupportedthefirstnewnuclearpowerplantinthreedecades.
We’reinvestingininnovativetechnologiessowecanbuildthenextgenerationofsafe,
cleannuclearpowerplants.Andwe’retrainingthenextgenerationofscientistsand
engineerswhoaregoingtounlocknewtechnologiestocarryusforward.
Oneofthegreatchallengesthey’llface-thatyourgenerationwillface-isthefuelcycleitself.
Weallknowtheproblem:theveryprocessthatgivesusnuclearenergycanalsoputnationsand
terroristswithinreachofnuclearweapons.
Butwesimplycan’tgoonaccumulatinghugeamountsoftheverymaterial,
likeseparatedplutonium,thatwe’retryingtokeepawayfromterrorists.
That’swhywe’recreatingnewfuelbanks,tohelpcountriesrealizetheenergy
theyseekwithoutincreasingthenucleardangerswefear.
Andthat’swhyI’vecalledforanewframeworkforcivilnuclearcooperation.
Weneedaninternationalcommitmenttounlockingthefuelcycleofthefuture.
IntheUnitedStateswe’reinvestingintheresearchanddevelopmentofnewfuelcyclesso
thatdangerousmaterialscan’tbestolenordiverted.
AndtodayIurgenationstojoinusinseekingafuturewhereweharness
theawesomepoweroftheatomtobuildandnotdestroy.
Inthissense,weseehowtheeffortsI’vedescribedtodayreinforceeachother.
Whenweenhancenuclearsecurity,we’reinastrongerpositiontoharnesssafe,cleannuclearenergy.
Whenwedevelopnew,saferapproachestonuclearenergy,
wereducetheriskofnuclearterrorismandproliferation.
Whennations,includingtheUnitedStates,fulfillourresponsibilities,
itstrengthensourabilitytoensurethatothernationsfulfilltheirresponsibilities.
Andstepbystepwecomeclosertothesecurityandpeaceofaworldwithoutnuclearweapons.
Iknowtherearethosewhoderideourvision,whosaythatoursisanimpossiblegoalthatwillbeforever
outofreach.Buttoanyonewhodoubtsthatgreatprogressispossible,IsaycometoKorea.
Cometothiscountry,whichrosefromtheashesofwar,turningrubbleintogleamingcities.
StandwhereIstoodyesterday,alongaborderthatistheworld’sclearestcontrastbetween
acountrycommittedtoprogressanditspeopleandonethatstarvesitsowncitizens.
Cometothisgreatuniversity,whereanewgenerationistakingitsplaceintheworld,
creatingopportunitiesthatyourparentsandgrandparentscouldonlyimagine.
Comeandseesomeofthecourageousindividualswhojoinustoday-menandwomen,
youngandold,bornintheNorth,butwholeftalltheyknewbehindandriskedtheirlives
tofindfreedomandopportunityhereintheSouth.
Inyourlifestoriesweseethetruth-Koreansareonepeople.
Andifjustgiventhechance,ifgiventheirfreedom,
KoreansintheNortharecapableofgreatprogress,too.
LookingoutacrosstheDMZyesterday,lookingintoyoureyestoday,
I’mremindedofanothercountry’sexperience
thatspeakstothechangethat’spossibleinourworld.
Afteraterriblewar,aproudpeoplewasdivided.
Acrossafortifiedborderarmiesmassed,readyforwar.
Fordecades,itwashardtoimagineadifferentfuture.
Buttheforcesofhistoryandthehopesofmancouldnotbedenied.
Andtoday,thepeopleofGermanyarewholeagain-unitedandfree.
Notwoplacesfollowthesamepath.Butthismuchistrue.
Thecurrentsofhistorycannotbeheldbackforever.
Thedeeplongingforfreedomanddignitywillnotgoaway.
Sotooonthisdividedpeninsula.
ThedayallKoreansyearnforwillnotcomeeasilyorwithoutgreatsacrifice.
Butmakenomistake,itwillcome.
Andwhenitdoes,changewillunfoldthatonceseemedimpossible.
Checkpointswillopen.Watchtowerswillstandempty.
Familieslongseparatedwillfinallybereunited.
TheKoreanpeople,atlonglast,willbewholeandfree.
Likeourvisionofaworldwithoutnuclearweapons,ourvisionofa
Koreathatstandsasonemaynotbereachedquickly.
Butfromthisdayuntilthen,andallthedaysthatfollow,wetakecomfortinknowing
thatthesecurityweseek,thepeacewewant,iscloserathandbecauseof
thegreatalliancebetweentheUnitedStatesandtheRepublicofKorea,
andbecausewestandforthedignityandfreedomofallKoreans.
Andnomatterthetest,nomatterthetrial,westandtogether,weworktogether,wegotogether.
Katchikapshida!
Thankyouverymuch.
"오바마대통령외대강연전문"
입력:2010.03.2613:12-백진엽
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